![]() ![]() ![]() avoidance behaviors (i.e., avoidance of sounds, words, people, or situations that involve speaking).These disfluencies can affect the rate and rhythm of speech and may be accompanied by blocks (i.e., inaudible or silent fixation or inability to initiate sounds).prolongations of consonants when it isn’t for emphasis (e.g., “ Ssssssssometimes we stay home”) and.repetitions of sounds, syllables, and monosyllabic words (e.g., “Look at the b-b-baby,” “Let’s go out-out-out”).Stuttering, the most common fluency disorder, is an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by specific types of disfluencies, including People with fluency disorders also frequently experience psychological, emotional, social, and functional impacts as a result of their communication disorder (Tichenor & Yaruss, 2019a). These are called typical disfluencies or nonfluencies.Ī fluency disorder is an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by atypical rate, rhythm, and disfluencies (e.g., repetitions of sounds, syllables, words, and phrases sound prolongations and blocks), which may also be accompanied by excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerisms (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1993). They may hesitate when speaking, use fillers (“like” or “uh”), or repeat a word or phrase. See the Fluency Disorders Evidence Map for summaries of the available research on this topic.įluency refers to continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production. Acquired neurogenic and psychogenic stuttering are not covered. The scope of this page includes stuttering and cluttering across the life span. ![]()
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